Melanoma is a very serious form of skin cancer. Though it is less common than other forms of skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, it is far more dangerous since it can sometimes spread to other organs. This type of skin cancer starts in cells that are known as melanocytes. It is important to consistently examine your skin for any signs of melanoma. If you notice any possible early signs, then come into Essential Dermatology to get a diagnosis. Dr. Krathen is a board-certified dermatologist who will create a personalized treatment plan for you to take care of any signs of this skin cancer.
What Causes Melanoma?
Melanoma starts in the melanocytes which are cells in the upper layer of the skin. These cells produce melanin, the pigment which gives our skin its color. There are two types of melanin: pheomelanin and eumelanin. When the skin becomes damaged from Ultraviolet radiation, the cells start to produce more melanin. The eumelanin tries to protect skin by darkening it or tanning it. When the DNA damage from UV radiation causes mutations in the cells, this results in massive cellular growth which turns to melanoma. People who are fair-skinned are more likely to get melanoma because the skin has more pheomelanin, which does not protect the skin. That is why people with light-skin also burn easier than those with darker skin.
Symptoms of Melanoma
- A slowly growing patch of thick skin
- New spot or patch on the skin
- Changes to an existing mole
- Dark streak under or around a fingernail or toe
- Itching
- Pain
- Bleeding
Treatments for Melanoma
To start the treatment for melanoma, Dr. Krathen will need to determine if the area is cancerous. He will examine the area to see if it is abnormal and then take a biopsy to test for cancer. Once it is determined to be cancerous, Dr. Krathen will test to see how deep it is in the skin and if it has the potential to spread. Most commonly, surgical excision is used to remove the affected area. In some cases, Mohs Surgery can be an effective treatment option. If the melanoma has spread more, you will need a more extensive treatment plan. Dr. Krathen will recommend options and create a plan based on your specific symptoms.
Melanoma FAQs
How can I tell if a mole might be melanoma?
One of the most common ways to evaluate a suspicious mole is by using the ABCDE rule. Look for Asymmetry, irregular Borders, multiple or uneven Colors, a Diameter larger than about six millimeters, and Evolution or change over time. While these warning signs can be helpful, not all melanomas follow the same pattern. Any mole or skin lesion that looks different from others on your body should be evaluated by a board-certified dermatologist.
Can melanoma develop in areas that are not exposed to the sun?
Indeed. While exposure to ultraviolet light is a significant risk factor, melanoma can also develop in regions that get minimal or no sunlight. It may develop on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, under fingernails or toenails, and even in areas typically covered by clothing. This is why full-body skin examinations are important, especially for individuals with a personal or family history of skin cancer.
Am I at a higher risk for melanoma if I have many moles?
People with numerous moles, atypical moles, or a family history of melanoma generally have a higher risk of developing this form of skin cancer. Fair skin, light-colored eyes, a history of severe sunburns, and extensive sun exposure can also increase risk. Knowing your risk factors can help you and your dermatologist determine how frequently skin examinations should be performed.
How often should I check my skin for signs of melanoma?
Most dermatologists recommend performing a skin self-examination once a month. Regular checks help you become familiar with your existing moles and skin markings so that changes are easier to recognize. Pay attention to new growths, changes in size or color, and lesions that itch, bleed, or do not heal. If you notice anything unusual, schedule an evaluation promptly rather than waiting for your next routine visit.
Can melanoma be cured if it is found early?
When detected and treated in its earliest stages, melanoma often has an excellent prognosis. Early diagnosis allows treatment before the cancer has an opportunity to grow deeper into the skin or spread elsewhere in the body. This is one reason dermatologists emphasize regular skin screenings and prompt evaluation of suspicious lesions. Early intervention remains one of the most important factors in successful treatment outcomes.
What happens during a melanoma biopsy?
A biopsy is performed to determine whether a suspicious lesion contains cancerous cells. During the procedure, Dr. Michael Krathen removes part or all of the lesion and sends the tissue to a laboratory for microscopic examination. The pathology results help confirm the diagnosis and provide information about the depth and characteristics of the melanoma if cancer is present. This information guides treatment recommendations.
When should I schedule a professional skin cancer screening?
You should consider a skin cancer screening if you have a personal or family history of melanoma, numerous moles, fair skin, significant sun exposure, or any suspicious skin changes. Even individuals without obvious risk factors can benefit from periodic skin examinations. A professional screening allows a dermatologist to evaluate lesions that may be difficult to see on your own and identify potential concerns before symptoms develop. Routine screenings, combined with monthly self-checks and sun protection habits, play an important role in the early detection and successful treatment of melanoma and other forms of skin cancer.
Schedule a Consultation
When found early, melanoma can be treated effectively. You are at an increased risk of melanoma if a first-degree family member has had melanoma. If you are at a higher risk for melanoma you should examine your skin on a monthly basis. If you have found symptoms then talk to a dermatologist. Dr. Krathen will work with you to find an effective treatment. If you detect any signs or symptoms then call our office at (508) 545-9713 or request a consultation by filling out our online form. To book an appointment, schedule your visit as a new patient using our online scheduler or as an existing patient using the Mass General Brigham Patient Gateway.
